Proline porters effect the utilization of proline as nutrient or osmoprotectant for bacteria

Proline is utilized by all organisms as a protein constituent. It may also serve as a source of carbon, energy and nitrogen for growth or as an osmoprotectant. The molecular characteristics of the proline transport systems which mediate the multiple functions of proline in the Gram negative enteric bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, are now becoming apparent. Recent research on those organisms has provided both protocols for the genetic and biochemical characterization of the enzymes mediating proline transport and molecular probes with which the degree of homology among the proline transport systems of archaebacteria, eubacteria and eukaryotes can be assessed. This review has provided a detailed summary of recent research on proline transport in E. coli and S. typhimurium; the properties of other organisms are cited primarily to illustrate the generality of those observations and to show where homologous proline transport systems might be expected to occur. The characteristics of proline transport in eukaryotic microorganisms have recently been reviewed (Horak, 1986).     

A quantitative genetic model for analyzing species differences in outcrossing species

A genetic model based on a two-level intra- and interspecific mating design is proposed to estimate the genetic architecture of species differences and heterosis for outcrossing species. The underlying genetic analyses make use of classical quantitative genetic theories and recent results from molecular genetic studies. Gene effects across different quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be approximated by a geometric series. Under natural selection, gene effects are often associated with allele frequencies in a particular way, which can be approximated by the gamma distribution. By incorporating these approximations into family structural analyses in the mating design, we are able to estimate a number of genetic parameters that contribute to quantitative genetic variation based on a nonlinear optimization approach. These parameters include the number of QTL, their gene effects, and their allele frequencies in the parental populations. We perform simulation studies and illustrate an example to demonstrate the statistical property and procedure of the method.     

Association of Large Juvenile Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, with an Estuarine Creek on the Atlantic Coast of Florida

Seasonal abundance, size distribution, year-class presence, residence duration, and migrational patterns of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, in an estuarine marsh creek in the northern Indian River Lagoon, Florida, were investigated during a study in which gill net samples were collected monthly from August 1991 to March 1996. A total of 282 large juvenile red drum were collected, of which 161 were tagged and released and 68 were sacrificed for age determination. Although red drum were collected in the creek throughout the year, abundance levels were negatively correlated with water temperatures and reached maximum levels during the winter months. Significant correlations between fish abundance and salinity or dissolved oxygen levels were not detected. The majority (90%) of the fish collected were large juveniles (260–450mm standard length) that were estimated to be from 10 to 26 months old. The oldest red drum we examined from the creek was estimated to be 37 months old. Tag-recapture data indicated that some fish repeatedly used or were associated with the creek for periods of up to 18 months after release. Estuarine creeks in this region provide exploitable habitat for large juvenile red drum (相似文献   

The Nesting Site of a Piscivorous Cichlid Lepidiolamprologus profundicola as a Safety Zone for Juveniles of a Zooplanktivorous Cichlid Cyprichromis leptosoma in Lake Tanganyika

Juvenile Cyprichromis leptosoma, an endemic cichlid fish in Lake Tanganyika, form large schools near the nesting sites of the piscivorous cichlid Lepidiolamprologus profundicola. The female L. profundicola guarding the nesting site drove away piscivorous fish that approached the nest. After the disappearance of the guarding L. profundicola, the frequency of predatory dashes toward the school of juvenile C. leptosoma near the nesting site increased markedly. This suggests that juvenile C. leptosoma use the breeding territory of L. profundicola as a safety zone from their potential predators. The relationship between C. leptosoma and L. profundicola should be regarded as a type of commensalism.     

污泥的农林处置与利用

1　污泥处置与农林利用现状污泥处置与利用 ,乃当前环境科学中的重要课题。一些污水处理的专家认为 ,污泥处置是污水处理厂当前迫切要解决的难度最大的问题。污泥的处置主要包括农用、填埋、焚烧、排海等。据1 996年资料报道 ,世界上 1 2个发达国家对污泥的处置方式 (表 1 ) ,45.3%为农用 ,38%为填埋 ,1 0 .5%为焚烧 ,6.0 %为排海。西欧、美国和英国的污泥处置 ,西欧以填埋为主 ,美国和英国以农用为主 ,加拿大以焚烧为主 (占 40 % ) [1 ] 。 1 991年和1 998年 ,美国和欧盟已规定禁止向海洋倾倒污泥[1 1 ] ,并且一些发达国家已经明令禁止焚烧…     

任豆林的生物量和光能利用率

 本文研究了粤北石灰岩地区以任豆(Zenia insignis)为主的自然林(萌生34年)的生产能力,并与任豆人工林(6年生)作对照。结果表明,在1992年7月调查时,自然林和人工林的现存生物量分别是125.38和10.34t·hm-2;平均增长量为3.69和1.72t·hm-2·a-1;木材蓄积量为86.35和9.93m3·hm-2;其乔木层总生产力为84284和21510kJ·m-2·a-1;对光合有效辐射能的利用效率为5.43％和1.39％。反映了任豆自然林现存生物量和生产力比鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林(同龄萌生林,在1991年11月调查)现存生物量196t·hm-2低,而比热带和亚热带半干早区森林植物量分别107和98.7t·hm-2高。任豆人工林因盖度和叶面积指数比自然林低,故总生产力和光能利用率也比较低,说明任豆人工林尚有较高的生产潜力。     

Blockade of FG 7142-Induced Increased Dopamine Utilization by the Glycine/NMDA Receptor Antagonist (+)-HA 966

Abstract: Systemic administration of the anxiogenic benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG 7142 has been shown to increase selectively dopamine utilization in the medial prefrontal cortex and the shell, but not core, subregion of the nucleus accumbens. In the present study, we examined the functional interaction between benzodiazepine and N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor influences on dopamine utilization in these areas. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with the glycine receptor antagonist (+)-HA 966 (15 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline 15 min before FG 7142 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle administration. Subjects were killed 30 min later and assayed for tissue concentrations of dopamine and its major metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in the core and shell subdivisions of the nucleus accumbens and the medial prefrontal cortex. (+)-HA 966 administration blocked FG 7142-induced increased dopamine utilization in both the medial prefrontal cortex and the shell subdivision of the nucleus accumbens. Results are discussed in terms of N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor influences on the response of mesoaccumbal dopamine neurons to stress.     

杜松挥发油化学成分与资源利用研究

杜松挥发油的化学成分,采用所相色谱曲法,分离出４８个组分,鉴定了１９个化合物。它们是：α－蒎烯、β蒎烯、月桂烯、α－水芹烯、棕檬烯＋β－水芹烯、异松油烯、龙脑、４－松油醇、α－蛇麻烯、倍半萜烯、大牛儿烯－Ｄ、丁香香叶酯、表－２－甜没药醇、反,反－金合欢醇、反－顺－金合欢醇。为杜松植物资源的开发利用提供科学依据。     

鄞州五龙潭风景区药用植物资源的利用与保护

通过实地调查、访问、查阅资料等方法及对浙江医药高等专科学校标本室的标本查阅,已知鄞州五龙潭现有药用植物资源123科,481种;包括真菌3种,苔藓2种,蕨类植物27种,种子植物449种;据生态习性分有乔木52种,灌木99种,多年生草本116种,一、二年生草本158种,藤本56种;有常用中草药124种,以根和根茎类中草药最多,有41种,其次为全草类中草药,有38种。基本摸清了五龙潭常用中草药资源的利用情况。分析了药用植物资源被破坏的主要原因。提出了对药用植物资源进行保护的具体措施。